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Cleft lip and cleft palate, also known as orofacial cleft and cleft lip and palate, is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and both together (CLP).〔 A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose. The opening may be on one side, both sides, or in the middle. A cleft palate is when the roof of the mouth contains an opening into the nose. These disorders can result in feeding problems, speech problems, hearing problems, and frequent ear infections. Less than half the time the condition is associated with other disorders.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/cleftlip.html )〕 Cleft lip and palate is due to tissues of the face not properly joining together during development. They are a type of birth defect. The cause in most cases is unknown.〔 Risk factors include smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, an older mother, obesity, and certain medications such as some used to treat seizures.〔〔 They can often be diagnosed during an ultrasound done during pregnancy.〔 A cleft lip or palate can be successfully treated with surgery. This is often done in the first few months of life for cleft lip and before eighteen months for cleft palate. Speech therapy and dental care may also be needed. With appropriate treatment outcomes are good.〔 Cleft lip and palate occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1000 births in the developed world.〔 CL is about twice as common in males as females, while CP without CL is more common in females.〔 In 2013 it resulted in about 3,300 deaths globally down from 7,600 deaths in 1990. The condition was previously known as a hare-lip due to similarity to a rabbit, but that term is now generally considered to be offensive. ==Signs and symptoms== If the cleft does not affect the palate structure of the mouth it is referred to as cleft lip. Cleft lip is formed in the top of the lip as either a small gap or an indentation in the lip (partial or incomplete cleft) or it continues into the nose (complete cleft). Lip cleft can occur as a one sided (unilateral) or two sided (bilateral). It is due to the failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes (formation of the primary palate). File:CleftLip1.svg|Unilateral incomplete File:Cleftlip2.svg|Unilateral complete File:CleftLip3.png|Bilateral complete A mild form of a cleft lip is a microform cleft. A microform cleft can appear as small as a little dent in the red part of the lip or look like a scar from the lip up to the nostril. In some cases muscle tissue in the lip underneath the scar is affected and might require reconstructive surgery. It is advised to have newborn infants with a microform cleft checked with a craniofacial team as soon as possible to determine the severity of the cleft. File:13900470_3PREOPERATION0.jpg|Six-month-old girl before going into surgery to have her unilateral complete cleft lip repaired File:10-month-old_girl_showing_scar_from_facial_reconstruction_surgery_for_cleft_lip.jpg|The same girl, 1 month after the surgery File:8-year-old_girl_showing_scar_from_infantile_facial_reconstruction_surgery.jpg|The same girl, age 8, the scar almost gone 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cleft lip and palate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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